The Psychology of Influence Review Essay Example

The Psychology of Influence Review Paper Essay on The Psychology of Influence The book, The Psychology of Influence (4 th international edition) Author: Robert Cialdini Publisher: Piter, 2009 Number of pages: 288 We will write a custom essay sample on The Psychology of Influence Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Psychology of Influence Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Psychology of Influence Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer purpose: Textbooks and learning. Manual for high school Initially, the book interested me his name, as should have been done a review of a book on the sociology and psychology of management, I have considered that the Psychology of influence is something that I ought to go. The second reason for choosing this book was the fact that the profession of a manager will be obtained after graduation me, and since I have no experience, I felt that the theory derived from this book, I will not hurt, and will benefit. The book provides the analysis of the six basic manipulation, which we are, we find ourselves every day: Mutual exchange Commitment and consistency social proof Sympathy The authority The deficit The author explains in simple terms why people often nachi naet do things that by looking at best illogical. It is hard to imagine a more relevant and more attractive to any reader at all times subject: how to influence other people and how to avoid unwanted foreign influence Do people always consciously takes its decisions.? Professor of psychology at the University of Arizona in the Temple Robert Cialdini in his book The Psychology of Influence argues that there is not always. People who are quietly manipulating human consciousness, a specialist in the field of experimental and social psychology called professionals concessions. What mechanisms are triggered within a person, he begins to act templates, as it says in the book click buzzed. The rich illustrative material in the form of numerous examples and illustrations make reading books simply spectacular For example, the book can be found:. Why is the restaurant we offer with account gum or candy? (Never even thought about, but it turns out this is a subtle psychological technique for fishing out of you more tips) Why do people lays down during the sales, and they are ready to buy anything and everything? Why rites of initiation among many tribes in Africa and South America are so cruel and how they are similar to the university initiation rituals? Why do people suddenly start to buy things they do not need them, but had previously been assured that he would never they do not buy? Why people can pass by a person requiring assistance s and do not help him? (I was surprised by the fact that in the United States is also quite urgent problem). On the example of how in front of dozens of people maniac chasing, catching up and several times with a knife beat the young woman. The woman screamed and called for help. From his injuries, she died. The police did not call anybody. A highly qualified nurse at the hospital with one phone call a complete stranger to her man can not only be used for treatment banned drug, but also apply it in a death for the patient dose. Why is this happening? It is very simple. In most cases, people think automatically, without thinking, and make decisions, too, automatically, based on the existing own life experiences. Skillfully using the technique of introducing a person into a state of click, buzzed, many speculators, swindlers and charlatans could void your honestly acquired means so that you thus will they still grateful for that. This is not a complete a list of what you can read in this book. Frankly, the explanation of some situations in life acts were for me an unexpected discovery. By the way, in the book are brilliant examples of quite clever sales techniques based on different psychological effects, and examined the psychological mechanisms underlying these techniques. I suggest future readers two passages from the book Cialdini, who are not the brightest, but well demonstrate the authors approach and his philosophy Cialdini, R. Impact:. science and practice. (Excerpts from the book) The insidious sincerity Lets assume that we are still faced with the authority, which is the competent person in the region of interest. Before you listen to his opinion, ought to ask ourselves another simple question: How true is, according to our assumption, the authority in this particular case? Authorities, even the best-informed, may deliberately distort the information provided to us. Therefore, we need to determine how much these people are reliable in this situation. In most cases, we do just that. We let affect themselves to a much greater extent by experts who seem to us impartial than those which may, in our opinion, have something to gain by convincing us (Eagly, Wood, amp; Chaiken, 1978). Studies have shown that this is the feature of thinking people all over the world (McGuinnies amp; Ward, 1980). Reflecting on how the authority can benefit from our compliance, we provide additional confrontation itself possibility of its excessive pressure. Even knowledgeable in any area of ​ ¹the authorities not to convince us as long as we will not find evidence that they truly represent the facts. Asking yourself the question of the credibility of the reliability with which we are dealing, we must keep in mind the little trick that often use the professionals concessions to convince us of their sincerity: they are, as it might seem at first glance, to some extent, go against their own interests. With such a fine reception of these people are trying to prove to us their honesty. And we must admit that they succeed very often. Perhaps they mention a small flaw in the available products. However, noted minor flaw will always be lost, while the more important advantages of the advertised product: Listerine a taste that you hate or three times a day; Avis we are number two, but we all work harder for you; LOreal: our products are not very cheap, but the best quality. Having proven their honesty in the details, professionals concessions always makes people more confidence when they deal with important aspects of its proposal (Settle amp; Gorden, 1974; Smith amp; Hunt, 1978; Hun t, Domzal, amp; Kernan, 1981). I have seen, as a method described above is used in the restaurant, and had a striking effect. Its no secret that because of the low wage employees in restaurants are forced to supplement their tip earnings. In order to get a generous tip, a good customer service is not enough. Successful waiters and waitresses use special tricks to increase tips. They know that the more by the visitor, the greater the amount will fall to them as a tip. Many waiters are experienced and nimble professionals concessions. Wanting to figure out how to operate the waiters, I applied for a job in some pretty expensive restaurants. However, in the absence of experience the best that I could do it positions busboy. Helping the waiter, I could quietly observe the actions of my boss and his colleagues and analyze them. Soon I realized that especially successful as a waiter in the restaurant was Vincent. He somehow managed to get their customers to order a lot, and then give an unusually generous tip. Another waiter was far from Vincent. I have tried as much as possible to find yourself some cases near the tables Vincent, to watch his style of work. I quickly realized that he had no single style. Vincent was a whole range of approaches, all of which he used for the right circumstances. When visitors come to your family, Vincent became sparkling like fireworks, it is sprinkled with jokes, and, addressed to children as often as adults. If you came to dinner a couple of young lovers, the waiter kept a low profile and a little arrogant, to intimidate the young man (Vincent spoke exclusively with him) and make him a lot of book and give a generous tip. With elderly married couple it formally held and several formally, but refused arrogant tone; thus he respectfully addressed to each of the spouses equally often. If the client dined alone, Vincent talked to him in a friendly manner, was talkative and heart. Vincent was saving his signature trick (he seemed to go against their own interests) for larger groups that had in its composition from eight up to twelve people. His skill was unsurpassed. Vincent began his performance when it came time to book the first person, usually a woman. No matter what she chose, Vincent reacted identically. He frowned, wrinkled his brow, his hand froze over the notebook for orders. Then quickly looked over his shoulder to see if a number of control, he leaned conspiratorially across the table to report the following: Im afraid this dish today is not as good as usual May I recommend instead - or -.? (At this point, Vincent suggested a couple of dishes from the menu, which were fifty cents cheaper than the dish, which chose the client). Today they are excellent. So, Vincent powered few basic tools of influence. First of all, even those customers who do not take the waiter proposals, felt that it provides them with courtesy, providing valuable information to help them make the order. Customers were grateful to Vincent, and, therefore, the rule of mutual exchange began to work in his favor, which was reflected in the size of the tip. Maneuver Vincent not only contributed to an increase in the percentage of the order value that customers are diverted to the tip; This maneuver also urged customers to order more and more often. The authority of the waiter in front of diners increased dramatically, because he obviously knew that tonight, well cooked, and that bad. Moreover and here also it contributes to the fact that Vincent seemed to be going against their own interests customers are convinced that the waiter is a trustworthy source of information, because it is recommended dishes that were less expensive than originally ordered. Instead of trying to fill their pockets, he seems to have sincerely tried to help their clients. It seems that the waiter was both knowledgeable and honest, which caused a huge credibility. Vincent was not lost and deftly took advantage of its positive image. When the band finished making orders, he used to say: Very well, but if you want me to help you choose the wine to the ordered dishes? I watched this scene almost every night, and every time the visitors reaction to the proposal of Vincent was the same the smiles, nods, and in most cases the general approval Even at some distance from the table, I could read in the visitors faces. such thoughts: Of course, you know that there are good and you are clearly on our side advise us what to take.. Happily Vincent he really knew what brand of wines are available usually recommend the most refined and, therefore, expensive wines. He was just as convincing when it comes to choosing a dessert. Customers who are in a different case, you may generally would not have ordered dessert, under the influence of enthusiastic descriptions Vincent decided to eat baked Alaska and in addition chocolate mousse. In the end, whom do believe it does not show himself only with the best hand specialist? Combining his maneuver normally interchange and the principle of the effect of a trusted authority, Vincent significantly increased both its tip and the basic costs clients with which these tip accrued. Its works thanks to this trick were just great. Please note the important role played by the apparent lack of concern for personal gain. Clients seemed that Vincent went against its own interests, and it also worked for him. [] Stereotypes should be inviolable As the technology develops much faster than the human mind, our natural ability to process information, most likely in the near future will be not enough, so that we can be guided in the flow of change and opportunities characteristic of modern life. Increasingly, we will be like the lowly beasts that are not able to navigate the environmental diversity of the environment. Unlike the lower animals, whose ability to know the world has always been sharply limited, we made ourselves relatively inferior by building a very complex world. Our artificial inferiority will have the same effects as the natural inferiority of animals. When making decisions, we will be less and less fully comprehend the situation and are increasingly going to focus on any one, probably, the most typical, the element of information available to us. When the individual elements are truly characteristic there is no reason to unduly wary of an approach based on stereotypical limitation of attention and automatic response to a request specific information. The problem arises when, for whatever reason, usually credible signals begin to give us bad advice and encourage us to commit wrong actions and wrong decision. As we have noted, one of these reasons may be the desire to professionals concessions to benefit from our thoughtless enough mechanical response to most stimuli. And because the rhythm and form of modern life are such that we often react to what is happening stereotypically, we are increasingly going to face attempts to professionals concessions to deceive us. How can you resist professionals concessions, trying to extract benefit from our tendency to stereotype response? I would not insist on the evasive behavior, and a powerful counterattack. However, here there is one important caveat. Professionals concessions that play fair should not be regarded as enemies; on the contrary, they are our allies and partners in the process of material goods and social benefits of the exchange. We need to resist only to individuals, falsifying, or falsify or misrepresent information, the preparation of which triggers our stereotyped reactions. [] I have previously warned readers of the acquisition any product quality are touted to counterfeit, allegedly not prepared in advance interviews. We should send a letter to manufacturers of such products with an explanation of the reasons why we do not buy their products, and to offer these producers to abandon their chosen service advertising agencies. I would recommend to take similar measures in response to any abuse of professional compliance with its use of social proof principle (or any other weapon of influence) in this way. We should refuse to watch television programs in which sounds taped laughter. The bartender, who begins to shift, salted dish for several tipping own bills, should not receive anything from us. If, after a long wait in a queue at the door of a nightclub, we find inside is enough space and we understand that we have specially made to wait to impress us with false proof of the popularity of the club, we should withdraw immediately and explain the reason of o ur care for those who It is still in the queue. In other words, we should be prepared to resort to the boycott threat, confrontation, condemnation, yes to anything to put the crooks in place. I do not consider myself a quarrelsome by nature, but I actively advocate such belligerent action because, in a sense, I am in a state of war with the exploiters. We are all in a state of war with them. However, it is important to understand that the main motive of their actions making a profit is not in itself a cause for hostility; ultimately, we are all in varying degrees, are committed to wealth. We should not tolerate thats what any attempt to someone else learn from the situation often benefit by depreciation automatically used by us to the stereotypical methods. Rushing Charge of modern life forces us to use proven patterns empirically certain rules and principles, if necessary. They are no longer a luxury; as the acceleration of the rhythm, they are increasingly becoming unquestionably vital. Thats why we should not remain indifferent whenever we see any professional compliance abusing instruments of influence. We feel the need for regulation of mutual exchange, the princ iple of social proof, and others discussed in this book, the principles and rules. But, naturally, we will become less willing to use them, if we are often confronted with the tricks of psychological speculators. In this case, it will be difficult, without delay, to resolve all questions. We can not let that happen. You must fight. The stakes are too high The book by Robert Cialdini Psychology of influence must-read for anyone who does not want to be subject to anothers influence -. Whether it be politics, crooks, swindlers, salesmen of vacuum cleaners, advertising, etc. Im sure that in the future I will be able to take advantage of his advice, and they will be able to help me and I think that did not spend time in vain, while reading this book.

Soccer Scholarship Essay Samples - How to Write a High Quality Essay For a Soccer Scholarship

Soccer Scholarship Essay Samples - How to Write a High Quality Essay For a Soccer ScholarshipAn important part of the application process for a soccer scholarship is to give a good essay. You have to impress the college administrators, and this is no easy task. Fortunately, there are many soccer scholarship essay samples available online that will assist you in writing a well-researched and written piece.First, you should gather all the details you can about the schools where you are applying for the scholarship. This can include information on the educational institutions, curriculum, and school administrators. You must include the school name, state, and city. All of these details will be helpful when writing your soccer scholarship essay.The soccer scholarship essay sample also contains information about the faculty members at the colleges where you are applying. You should include them all so that you can get a feel for how things work at different schools. You may even want to g et some feedback from others you know who are applying for the same scholarships.Next, you should write down your two strongest arguments. These will be the reasons why you deserve to have a scholarship. After you've finished writing your essay, you should carefully read through it several times to make sure you're not missing any important details.After you've done this, you should then write out your first draft. Make sure it's simple and easy to understand. If possible, do not use any spelling mistakes, as it will really show in your transcript. One mistake will seriously damage your chances of getting into the college you're applying to.Next, you should compile all the information you have gathered about the college you are applying to, including the secondary materials that they may require you to submit. These may include a personal statement, a personal essay, a portfolio of work, a letter of recommendation, and transcripts of any grades you've gotten. After you've filled out all of these, you should send them back to the college for them to review and comment on them.As you can see, writing a soccer scholarship essay sample can be difficult. However, it can be much easier than you might think. You'll need to start by gathering all the relevant information about the college you are applying to, and then you can begin writing your application.

Compare Why and How Orwell and Swift Write Essay Example

Compare Why and How Orwell and Swift Write Essay Example Compare Why and How Orwell and Swift Write Paper Compare Why and How Orwell and Swift Write Paper Essay Topic: George orwell Literature Both Orwell and Swift create imaginary worlds in which to set their books. Jonathon Swift wrote Gullivers Travels in the 1720s. It was written as a travel book where the apparent hero, Lemuel Gulliver, travels to the wild and fantastic worlds of: Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa and Houyhnhnyms. When Gulliver returns to England, he is viewed as mad and becomes a laughing stock. George Orwell wrote 1984 in 1940s Britain (post world war two), and set it in the future, 1984. Orwells imaginary world is called Oceania. The main character of 1984 is a man called Winston Smith. The backdrop to Orwells novel remains the same throughout, but in Gullivers Travels, many strange and intriguing worlds are introduced. The main reason both authors create imaginary worlds is to criticize their own. Both books are satires. Swift writes Gullivers Travels as a travel book but it is actually meant as a reflection of 1720s England. This technique enables Swift to ridicule the government and express his views on how the country is run. It is now obvious to us that the purpose of Swifts novel is not to entertain us with an imaginary travel book but to expose the injustice sins in the world around him! Orwell also invents a fantasy world in which he can show a tragic side of what he hates or fears. He doesnt disguise his views with a different genre though; instead, he invents a totalitarian government with extreme rules and strict routines. Orwells 1984 creates a state similar to that in Nazi Germany or Communist Russia. The Big Brother in 1984 relates to Hitler. I think 1984 is Orwells attempt to show us what life would be like, had Hitler succeeded. Orwell and Swift share the same views on Power. Both feel that power is abused. In Gullivers Travels, people gain power in Lilliput by leaping and creeping. Swift patently believes that is the way people gain power in England. In 1984 power is completely abused. The totalitarian government wants absolute control. They are cruel, clever and use suffering against the population. They rule by keeping people loyal to the party. However, when Gulliver travels to the land of Brobdingnag, he has a different perspective on things. He is tiny in a world of giants and the culture of this country is somewhat different to that in Lilliput. Swift has created Brobdingnag as a utopia. In 1984 the imaginary world is very different. Orwell invents a dystopia. A nightmare world filled with destruction and suffering. In Brobdingnag the king rules with justice and for the benefit of the common good (everyone). In Oceania, 1984 the party rules for itself. Its aim is to destroy humanity: stamping on the human face forever . The two authors both use war to criticise England. In Gullivers Travels the Littlendians are constantly at war with the bigendians over the trivial matter of which end of the egg one should break. This petty but perilous argument is meant to relate to the constant feud between Catholics and Protestants. When Swift compares England to Lilliput (a land of tiny people), he is commenting on the small mindedness of the English. The inspiration for Orwells 1984 was from war. Whether the war is fictional or not, the government manipulate the tragic situation to keep the population loyal. Swift and Orwell share the same views on science and technology. When Gulliver visits the flying island of Laputa his is confused in a world of science. The flying island is occupied by many, many scientists with strange scientific theories. I believe the point of the scientists living on the island is to display Swifts view of all scientists having their heads in the clouds. The idea of the loadstone controlling the gravity of the island probably compares to Newtons gravity theory, which would have seemed preposterous to Swift. Technology also plays a big part in 1984. Telescreens enable the party to watch everybody all the time. This maximized the partys power because they could spy on people 24/7. In 1984 only 5% of the population are inner party members. This 5% abuse the power given to them. In Gullivers Travels the flying island of Laputa is used as a weapon. The scientists of Laputa tax the people below as they pass over them. The unfairness of taxation and colonialism could be compared to a cruel and demanding government or monarchy of England during the 18th century, over Ireland. Underneath Laputa is a land called Glubdubdrib. Gulliver searches for a place called The Academy. Here people are dedicated to science. They do stupid experiments like attempting to build houses from the roof downwards or trying to obtain sunlight from cucumbers. Another crazy experiment was a way of cutting down the language by carrying picture cards with you instead of speaking. This is very similar to the newspeak idea in 1984. That was also an attempt at cutting down the freedom of speech. In Gullivers Travels Gulliver comes across a historian. This man uses Gulliver to bring back famous historical figures i. e. Alexander the Great. This historian twists and exaggerates the truth. His lies are the same as those emitted by The Ministry of Truth. Both the Ministry and the historian are relied upon to supply truth and, ironically, both supply people with fiction not fact. In Gullivers Travels, Lemuel Gulliver visits the semi-tranquil, semi-chaotic land of Houyhnhnyms. Its chief inhabitants are talking horses. These horses are gentle, virtuous, rational and vegetarian. The land of the Houyhnhnms is, like Brobdingnag, a utopia. It is an unspoiled Shangri-la. Most unlike the war zones of 1984. There is no stealing, no lies and no disease in the land of the Houyhnhnms. These vices exist only among the Yahoos. The Yahoos are inferred as savage, cave man like, aggressive, excitable and carnivorous beings. They are, without question, a parody of humans. As Gulliver explains more and more to the houyhnhnms about his culture and human nature, the gentle beasts start to realize that the differences between man and Yahoo are very small indeed. Both are greedy, untrustworthy, vicious, sexually driven and self-obsessed beings. The Houyhnhnyms have no word in their language for lying. This is similar again to newspeak. After spending so much time with the talking horses, Gulliver realizes the error of his (and indeed all human) ways. Gulliver is mortified when he discovers the Houyhnhnyms see him as a Yahoo. I think its more than that though. I think Gulliver knows how similar humans and Yahoos are. He cannot deny his true nature. After experiencing a flawless and virtuous life with the Houyhnhnyms, Gulliver cannot bear the thought of returning to England and living among those who he now sees as Yahoos. I think the point of this final land is to illustrate the two sides of human nature and to force the reader to ask him or herself what a human being really is. I think heroes is too strong a word to use for the lead characters in both books. Both men are normal men. Therefore, both men are as weak as they are strong. Both end up being very isolated and independent. The final similarity between the men is that they are both diagnosed mad, but are in fact both very sane men. What makes them so isolated is the fact that they are misunderstood. Winston Smith is viewed as a tragic figure where as Lemuel Gulliver is seen as a comic figure. We pity Winston but laugh at Lemuel. I think this is because he comes back from the land of the Houyhnhnyms condemning mankind and we are, as Gulliver insists, an arrogant race so how could we possibly believe what he is telling us. If Swift believes what he is writing, he is not only mocking Gulliver, but also the whole of mankind and so, himself.

How to Find SAT Scores by High School and District

How to Find SAT Scores by High School and District SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve found this article, I assume you’re a student or parent considering your options for your or your child’s high school education. When comparing high schools, average SAT score can be an extremely useful metric since it can give you a sense of the quality of the education and the caliber of students at that high school. There are several methods for locating a school’s average SAT score, each of which I'll outline in this post. I'll also explain in more depth why you should care about average SAT score and what it can tell you about how high schools compare. How to Find SAT Scores by High School: Your Options There are several ways to track down a high school’s average SAT score. The best option for you will depend on your home state. For all states, you can order SAT reports for graduating seniors by high school from the College Board, but it costs $95/report, and you must be a school officer (e.g. a principal or school counselor). If you're a school officer or are good friends with a school officer, you should consider this option. Unfortunately, this is the only method that will work to find the SAT scores for all schools in all states. For many states, if you’re looking for the data for public high schools, the best method is to track it down through the Department of Education’s website for your state. Later on, I’ll explain how to find a district’s or specific public high school’s average SAT score using this method. This method will guarantee you’re getting up-to-date, correct, unbiased information, but the Department of Education only has the data on SAT scores by high school for public schools. This method will not work for the following states: Alabama Arizona Arkansas Colorado* DC Hawaii Illinois* Iowa Kansas* Kentucky* Louisiana* Michigan* Minnesota* Mississippi* Missouri* Montana* Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Mexico North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma* Oregon South Dakota* Tennessee* Utah* Wisconsin* Wyoming* *NOTE: while these states do not provide SAT data, these states do provide ACT data. For information on how to find that data, read our guide to finding ACT scores by high school. For these states and for private high schools, you should try one of these alternate search methods: look on the high school’s website. send an email to an administrator at that high school asking for the average SAT score. send an email to the Department of Education in your state asking for the data. Google search for "[High School Name] Average SAT Score." However, the search/school websites often have unreliable or outdated information (i.e. SAT score averages from three years ago). Many schools only remember to update statistics on their website every few years, and administrators may give you the same outdated information. Also, it may take administrators or Department of Education employees a while to respond to your request, especially if they’re on summer vacation. How to Use the Department of Education’s Website to Find a School District’s or Public High School’s SAT Score Start by conducting a Google Search for your state’s Department of Education. Search â€Å"[State Name] Department of Education.† As an example, I searched for Florida’s Department of Education (see screenshot). Typically, that state’s Department of Education website should be the first search result as it was below: Once you’re on the Department of Education website, there should be a search box in the upper right-hand corner. In this search box, type â€Å"SAT score† or â€Å"SAT data.† That search should bring up the SAT data for the state (see below). Make sure you select the option to view the most recent SAT data. For example, the first link above says ACT, SAT, and AP Data. The second link says ACT, SAT, and AP Data Archive. The first link is where I’d look first for the most recent data. The ACT, SAT, and AP Data Archive link most likely provides the data from past years. The first link brought me to the page below: If you’re looking for data or a specific public high school, select the option that will show you SAT School Participation and Means. It may not be labeled the same for your state. However, it should say School in the title. This link will provide you with school specific data. If you’re looking for data to compare different school districts, select the SAT District Participation file. The district option only provides you with the average SAT scores for each district in the state (without breaking it down by high school). You’ll have to download the file to your computer (which it should start to do automatically when you click on the link). A large Excel file should open that looks something like this: What this document shows will vary by state, but all of them should list the high schools and SAT scores either as a composite score or as separate section scores (Math, Critical Reading, and Writing). In the Florida document, it provides the average section score by high school with a breakdown of average section score by race and the number of SAT test-takers by high school with a breakdown by race. To locate the schools you’re interested in, use the Command + F function on your keyboard to search the file (as I’ve done below). When you find the data for the school you’re searching for, add together the 3 mean section scores to approximate the average composite SAT score for that school. I grabbed the below numbers from the brown highlighted columns (which had the average SAT section scores for the high school) in the Florida SAT spreadsheet. 580 + 593 + 561 = 1734 If you’re having trouble accessing this SAT data for your state through the Department of Education website, I recommend you contact your state’s Department of Education (the contact information should be on the Department of Education’s website). Typically, they have a specific phone number or email to contact if you’re in search of data (which you are!). If you’re having trouble getting in contact with the Department of Education or if you want information on private high schools, then I’d recommend you reach out to the high school administrators or, as a last resort, try doing a Google Search for "[High School Name] Average SAT Score." Though, as I mentioned above, websites and administrators may give you outdated information. Why Does a High School’s Average SAT Score Matter? You should care about a high school’s average SAT score because the SAT measures not only intelligence but also perseverance. For the SAT, student perseverance in SAT preparation can drastically change their score. If a student has just slightly above average intelligence, with enough SAT preparation, he or she could get a perfect score on the SAT. Through extensive studying and practicing of test content and test format, test-takers can do very well without being geniuses. If a high school’s average SAT score is high, it suggests 2 things: the quality of education is better and the students at that high school care more about their education (or more specifically the pursuit of higher education). Since the SAT does measure your intelligence to some degree and your education is responsible for how much innate intelligence you possess, the better the quality of education you receive, the better you’ll perform on the SAT. However, as I said earlier, your SAT score is also affected by how much you prepare. If a high school’s average SAT score is above average, you can bet the students at that school are also more invested in their education and more committed to getting into a good 4-year college. These students likely study more and spend time preparing for the SAT. If you're concerned about your child receiving a quality education and being surrounded by hard-working students, consider sending them to a school or school district with a higher average SAT score. Devil’s Advocate: Why Shouldn’t You Care About Average SAT Score? While SAT score can be an indicator of education quality and the quality of students, SAT score may not give you a full picture of the high school. Many public schools have magnet programs (or gifted programs) which you apply to that are separated from the â€Å"regular† track at that high school. These programs often have a higher caliber of student and better quality of education than the rest of the school. For example, my public high school had an International Baccalaureate magnet program. The program had rigorous qualifications to be accepted while the â€Å"regular† high school track had no entrance qualifications. As a result, I’d guess that students in the IB program had higher average SAT scores than the students on the â€Å"regular† high school track. However, the published average SAT score mixed the scores of IB students with the non-IB students at the same school. Therefore, you can’t figure out what the caliber of education and student will be within a magnet program at that school from the average SAT score. Also, as I said before, a big part of your SAT score is how much effort you put into preparing for the exam. If you attend a school with a low average SAT score, that does not mean you’re doomed to have a low SAT score. If you attend a school with a high average SAT score, that does not mean you'll get a high SAT score. No matter what high school you attend, you need to work hard and learn the test format and strategies to reach a high score on the SAT. What’s Next? If you're planning for college applications, learn about the new SAT and some general tips on how to prepare for the SAT. Before you start studying for the SAT, figure out what’s a good score for your target college. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Financial Accounting and Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Accounting and Report - Essay Example different users of financial statements and their needs, the legal and regulatory influences on financial statements, the implication of the regulations for the users, the role of the accounting and reporting standards and how the information needs of different user groups vary. The first category of people who use financial information is investors. Investors who provide capital to a company are concerned about the levels of risk, and return from their investments. They need financial information to help them decide whether they should buy or sell shares of a particular company. They are also interested in information that enables them to assess the ability of a company to pay cash dividend. The second category of people is employees. Employees need to know whether their employer is financially stable. They use this data to evaluate the employer’s ability to implement a fair remuneration package, provide retirement benefits and be able to offer employment chances (Lasher 2008, pp. 64). Lenders use financial information to access the ability of a company to promptly pay both the principal and interest on loans. Suppliers and other trade creditors are interested in financial information to enable them to determine whether the amount owed to them will be paid without default. Customers are interested in financial information to determine the life span of an enterprise, especially when they have a long-term association with an enterprise such as the presenting solutions to both short and long-term problems. Government and their agencies use the financial information to regulate the activities of an enterprise and to determine tax policies. They also use the information to compute national income. Lastly, the public use financial information to determine the trends and recent development activities of an enterprise to help them assess the possibility of a major economic contribution by an organization (Saudagaran 2009, pp. 51-56). To determine the regulatory

Ineffectiveness of GPS Monitoring System for Sex Offenders Research Paper - 1

Ineffectiveness of GPS Monitoring System for Sex Offenders - Research Paper Example Despite the optimistic effects of technology in the society by improvising the GPS devices, understanding the restrictions of this technology remains essential in maintaining the safety of the society. A case is depicted of a sex offender who cut off his GPS monitoring device and eluded authorities. Although the device still warned the police to keep an eye on the sex offender, the device remained incompetent since the sex offender was able to roam around and carry out his inhuman acts again. Using a GPS requires the free flow of information to those responsible for making sure that the task is accurately carried out. Therefore, using the GPS to monitor or track a sex offender does not entirely depend on the technology but responsibility of those using the device in order to ensure its effectiveness. GPS monitoring device only acts as a part of the solution to sex offenders. They only track where the individual goes, but in essence, do not deprive him the ability to find their next target. John Albert Gardener depicts a sex offender who had a GPS device to monitor his tracks and make sure that he never went near any young woman. However, still having the device, Gardener was able to rape and murder two helpless teenagers back in 2009. It is evident that the paroled felon was not at any chance under careful supervision as officials thought. It can be depicted that these two victims could be alive if only the devices were effectively used. As a dangerous sex offender, John Albert Gardener still roams in the streets.

Physician Reluctance to Engage in Health System Program

Physician Reluctance to Engage in Health System Program The Factors Effecting the Unwillingness of Physicians to participate in the Family Physical Program in Tehran’s Province Health System Abstract Introduction: The present study is an attempt to survey the reasons for the physicians’ reluctance to take part in the family physical program in the Tehran Province health system. Methods: Considering this purpose, the study is an applied work carried out through a correlative method in Tehran’s Province Health System in 2012.(IRAN) The study population was comprised of all the physicians in the Tehran Province health system. Participants were selected through census. A questionnaire was used for data gathering and the data were analyzed using SPSS16. Results: The mean point of economic stage,  work conditions, health, welfare, structural-organizational, and social-cultural problems in the health centers under study were less than midpoint. Additionally, a statistically significant relationship was found between these problems and the tendency of physicians to take part in the family physician program (P Conclusion: The results indicated a significant relationship between the problems of physicians and their tendency to take part in the family physician program in Tehran. Given the necessity of creating motivation among physicians to take part in the program effectively and willfully, solving the physicians’ problems appears to be effective in motivating the physicians in this regard. Keywords: Family Physician, Referral System, Problems of Family Physicians, Health Centers Introduction Health is one of the principal rights and a valuable capital at every social level [1]. Along the main objective of the national health system, which is to improve public health where the healthy citizens have capability to take part in economic and social activities [2], there are other tasks to be fulfilled by the health system. These tasks include raising hope for a healthy life, responding to reasonable expectations of the public, reducing social gaps (social justice) and providing financial coverage for medical services [1]. It is essential, therefore, to design and adopt a proper model for health services to realize health objectives, maintain/improve health, and improve equal access to health services. In this regard, many have supported the idea of a health system in which all citizens regardless of their living condition and place (even those living in remote areas) have access to adequate specialized health services. Such services are provided by the facilities where experts are trained based on the available resources in the shortest feasible time and for reasonable costs as required by cultural and time constrains [3]. In fact, family physician programs and referral systems are in line with the realization of a primary care health system that actualizes considerable potential resources towards the improvement of the health conditions of the society [4]. The family physician program is a comprehensive health system and among the main achievements of this program are helping people to refer to the right specialist and an increase in the public satisfaction of health services [2]. Additionally, the American Physician Academy believes that the family physician system is the best and most effective way to provide health services for patients [3]. In spite of this, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in cooperation with the Ministry of Welfare and Social Security, Ministry of Health, Treatment, Medical Education, and Health Service Insurance Org. triggered a rural health insurance programs through a referral system based on a family physician program in 2005. This program, considered as one of the main elements of health system development, was aimed to expand the health insurance coverage and to promote equal access to health diagnostic services [5]. In addition to supplying health services required by the public, the family physician program prevents negligence of patients’ right or any abuse of people’s need to health services [1]. Given that the family physician program is a nationwide program and all insurance organizations participate in this program, it is essential to survey the performance of the program regarding implementation, quality, and quantity of the services provided to insured patients. By this survey, the weakness and advantages of the program can be highlighted. Consequently, the family physician program may lead to immense changes in treatment behavior models as well as changes in consumption patterns in this field [6]. Santos and Amado believe that the knowledge of a family physician to provide primary care services leads to a long-term relation between the family and the physician; which is an advantage of the family physician program [7]. In addition, ranking the health services by the referral system gives the people in need access to more specialized services based on their true needs [8]. At first, the referral visits the family physician and, if needed, the physician recommends them to a special practitioner. The special practitioner, then, checks the patients, carries out the required measures, records the measures in the patients’ file, and returns the patients to the family physician [9]. Although, the family physician program is initially aimed to improve public access to health care systems and cuts the unnecessary medical costs, there are evidences that the program is not free of weaknesses [10]. In his study titled â€Å"challenges of family physicians in the world of the 1980s† Donald Rice (1980), studied the status of family physicians and challenges ahead of them in different countries and highlighted some main challenges including financial support for the graduates, salary of the physicians and the staff from community sources, and so on. After the implementation of health networks, family physicians are the next biggest reform in health systems, which promises to solve many of the problems of the health system. It is reasonable to expect a variety of economic, social, and cultural problems ahead of the program and failures to overcome. These problems threaten first level of services and the poor’s health. Above all, solving a problem needs developing an accurate insight to the problem. Analyzing the causes and the factors effective on high turnovers of family physicians is the first step to reach a right policy to improve health services nationwide. Methods The study is a descriptive analytical work carried out on the Tehran Province health system in 2012. Given incongruity of the districts under study and sensitivity of the issue, a census was taken in the system and all 100 physicians in the system agreed to participate. No sampling was done in this study and all the study population took part in the survey. Questionnaires were used for gathering the data. These questionnaires were divided into two sections. The first section included the demographic information of those who had took part in the survey. The second section included the questions which showed the unwillingness of the physicians towards the family physician program. The results of these questionnaires were classified into five main axes; 1- economic variables (questions 1-6); 2- work conditions, health, welfare, and educational variables (questions 7-12); 3- systematic-organizational variables (questions 13-18); 4- organizational-administrative variables (questions 19-24); and 5- social and cultural variables (questions 25-30). The questionnaire was designed based on Likert’s five-point scale. The validity of the questionnaires was approved by ten experts. Also, the stability was gained by the Cronbachs alpha coefficient test. The gleaned data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS. Among descriptive statistics frequency, frequency rate, mean, and standard deviation were used. Also in order to survey the independence/dependence of the variables, Chi Square was used as inferential statistics. Results Female and male participants constituted 65% and 35% of the sample group respectively. In addition, 24% of the participants were unmarried and 76% were married. Regarding employment status, 68% had lifetime employment and 32% were employed in the program for a specific time. The average age of the participants was 34 and the youngest and oldest participants were 25 and 54 years old respectively. Moreover, 23% of the participants were at the age range of 25-35, 58% were at the age range of 35-45; and 19% were at the age range of 45-55. Work records also showed that the lowest work experience was 1 year and the highest work experience was 29 years. On average, the participants had 10 years of work experience; 30% less than 19 years, 50% between 10 to 20 years, and 20% between 20 to 30 years. Table 1. distribution and frequency rate of the response Mean point economic, work conditions, health, welfare, structural-organizational, and social-cultural problems effective on the willingness of the physicians to take part in the family physician program were below the midpoint (Table 2). Table 2. Family physician problem There was a significant negative relationship among economic, welfare, and social-cultural problems. On the other hand, there was a positive and significant relationship between work conditions, health, and structural-organization problems (Table 3). Table 3. correlation among problems of family physicians to take part in the program Discussion The family physician program has aimed to completely implement a referral system in the heath and treatment sector. Among the main advantages of the program are preventing physicians ‘confusion and, more importantly, to improve public satisfaction from health services. This research also minimizes the waste of resources and leads to great economic savings. The early years of implementing the program have been featured with an increase of availability index in different aspects of the family physician program (human resources and preclinical services). Still, the ahead challenges are not deniable. The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between economic, work conditions, health, welfare, structural-organizational, and social-cultural problems on one hand and the physicians’ willingness to participate in the family physician program on the other. This is consistent with Hosseing Fahreji’s study [11] on the family physician program in the Imam Khomeini Charity Committee. A study by Masoodi Asl [12] on the assessment of the satisfaction of the service takers under the Imam Khomeini Charity Committee program showed that 31.25% were satisfied with the program, 51.5% were relatively satisfied, and 10% were relatively dissatisfied; which is inconsistent with the present study. Motlagh (2009) in a study titled â€Å"physician’s satisfaction† on the factors effective on creating dynamism in the family physician program and rural medical insurance indicates that minimum satisfaction level in the medical education universities is with financial problems [13]. Taking into account the findings of the study and significant effect of welfare and financial problems on the physician’s tendency to take part in the program, one may conclude that poor welfare facilities and accommodations for the physicians in the health and treatment network leads to high turnover rates among the physicians. The majority of the physicians only take part in the program for short and temporary terms and to only spend their obligatory service terms. Dieleman et al. also mentioned low salaries and hard work conditions as the reasons for lack of motivation in the health and treatment system [14]. Given that a successful implementation of the family physician program needs public participation and cooperation for different sections, cultural works on all the effective actors is essential. Failure to successfully implement referral to a specialist practitioner plan, poor follow up by the family physicians, and poor public support for the program are the signs of low public participation rates in the program. The reasons of poor cooperation are lack of cultural and public informing measures regarding family physician programs and negative attitudes and distrust in family physicians. Nasrollahpour et al. highlighted resistance among family physicians and specialist practitioners against the family physician program [15]. Professional satisfaction of the family physicians is a key factor in the health system. In addition, professional satisfaction might be related to the quality and effectiveness of the health services provided [16]. On the other hand, probability of attracting new work forces decreases with an increase of professional dissatisfaction among family physicians and replacement applications by the physicians. Payment terms and work conditions are key factors in attracting and keeping skillful physicians [17]. In regards to the causes of dissatisfaction among the family physicians are high workloads, being busy doing supportive works in health centers, lack of welfare, negligence of specific needs of different regions, and lack of proper cultural preparation (the public and specialist physicians are not properly trained). Ebadifardazar et al. [18] found that issues like low salaries, delay in payments, remote work place, long working hours, and no promising future for this national program are the causes of dissatisfaction of family physicians that increases turnover rates. Understaffed work force and high rates of turnover or replacement during the first 5 years of family physician program indicate problems of attracting and keeping general practitioners in the program. Also decreasing the number of service takers assigned to each practitioner, proving decent work conditions, providing welfare facilities to attract physicians and keeping the balance between demand and supply, clarifying health service packs, and providing required equipment and support are the effective factors in attracting and keeping the physicians [19]. Conclusion In conclusion, the results showed that there was a significant relationship between the problems experienced by physicians and their willingness to participate in the family physician program in the health centers located in Tehran. In spite of the fact that satisfactory implementation of the program is the intention of the policy makers, solving the problems participating physicians face and increasing their willingness to participate appears to be an effective approach to improve the outcomes of the program. References Jamshid Beigi M, Mardfar N. Executive performance of family physician program and rural insurance. Tehran: Arvij; 2007. Persian. Ghoharinejh ad S. Health system decentralization on Iran University of Medical Science. Proceeding of 5th National Congress of Healthcare Administration Student, 2007 May 9-12, Iran, Tabriz; P.32. Persian. Rasoulid Nejad S. A survey of referral system in health care service system and ways to improve Isfahan Health system. [Ph.D. Dissertation]. Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Research and Science Branch; 1996. Family physicians and referral system in Islamic Republic of Iran, Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Health Department, Summer, 2006. Persian. Ministry of health and medical education. Illustration of health team and family physician services. First ed. Tehran: Arvij Publishers; 2006. Persian. Khayyati F, Motlagh ME, Kabir MJ, Kazemeini H. The role of family physician in case finding, referral, and insurance coverage in the rural areas. Iranian journal of public health. 2011; 40(3): 136. Amado CA, Santos SP. Challenges for performance assessment and improvement in primary health care: the case of the Portuguese health centers. Health Policy. 2009;91(1):43-56. Davoudi S. Introduction to health sector reform. 1st ed. Tehran: Asar-e-Mouaser; 2006. Persian. Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Family physician instructions, 2010. Persian. Kersnik J. An evaluation of patient satisfaction with family practice care in Slovenia. Int J Qual Health Care. 2000;12(2):143-7. Hosseini Fahreji H. Assessment of family physician performance in Yazd Imam Khomeini Charity Committee [M.A. Thesis]. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences; 2004. Persian. Masoudi Asl I. A survey of family physician program from the physicians’ viewpoint in Yasouj Imam Khomeini Charity Committee. [M.A. Thesis]. Tehran: Islamic Azad University; 2002. Persian. Motlagh MI, Pourshirvani N. Doctors consent of dynamic factors affecting the insurance plan and rural family physicians in Gilan University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. 2004;19:55-48. Persian. Dieleman M, Cuong PV, Anh LV, Martineau T. Identifying factors for job motivation of rural health workers in North Viet Nam. Hum Resour Health. 2003;1(1):10. Nasrollahpour Shirvani D, Ashrafian Amiri H, Motlagh ME, Kabir MJ, Maleki MR, Shabestani Monfared A, et al. Evaluation of the function of referral system in family physician program in Northern provinces of Iran 2008. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2010;11(6):46-52. Landeck M, Garza C. Utilization of physician health care services in Mexico by US Hispanic border residents. Health marketing quarterly. 2003;20(1):3-16. Abma J C, Chandra A, Mosher WD, Peterson LS, Piccinino LJ. Fertility, family planning, and womens health: new data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Vital and health statistics. Series 23, Data from the National Survey of Family Growth. 1997;(19):1-14. Mahmoodi A, Kohan M, Azar FE, Solhi M, Rahimi E. The impact of education using Health Belief Model on awareness and attitude of male teachers regarding their participation in family planning. Journal of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences.  2011:9(3):21-8. Persian. Cates W, Karim QA, El-Sadr WM, Haffner DW, Kalema-Zikusoka G, Rogo K, Averill EMD. Family planning and the millennium development goals. 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